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News Highlights provides you with the best compilation of the Daily News Highlights taking place across the globe: National, International, Sports, Science and Technology, Banking, Economy, Agreement, Appointments, Ranks, and Report and General Studies
1.
Both sides launched 'Mission 500' ($500 billion in bilateral trade by 2030) and initiated discussions on a free trade agreement, with phase one of the draft expected this year. Mr. Trump announced an increase in Indian purchases of U.S. energy, oil, and defence equipment, moves expected to help balance the $45.7 billion U.S. trade deficit within the total $130 billion goods trade. Additionally, there was agreement on a new umbrella framework, COM-PACT, or Catalyzing Opportunities for Military Partnership, Accelerated Commerce & Technology for the 21st Century, to streamline cooperation across key sectors.
2.
The 73rd amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1992, is one of the landmarks of India's journey as a constitutional republic, establishing the panchayati raj system. The 73rd amendment initiated the process of institutionalising decentralisation in rural India. The three-tier system, at the village, block, and district levels, with a regular cycle of local elections and 50% reservation for women, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, kicked off a movement that took democracy to the grassroots, thus emphasising the importance of local representation and inclusion in political leadership. The Constitution also mandated State Finance Commissions to recommend the quantum of funds that should flow to local governments as well as the administrative mechanisms by which it should take place.
3.
A recent ruling by the Chhattisgarh High Court, which held that "unnatural sex" by a husband in marriage is not an offence, heavily relies on the presumption of con-sent within a marital relationship. The case involved a 40-year-old man from Bastar district who had been convicted by a sessions court in connection with the death of his wife in 2017. The High Court relied on Exception II of Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, which does not recognise marital rape as an offence unless the wife is under 15 years old - the Supreme Court of India raised this age to 18 in the Independent Thought vs Union of India & Anr. case (2017) – to justify acquitting the husband. This overturned the sessions court's verdict, which had sentenced him to 10 years of rigorous imprisonment.
4.
Coal mining in Meghalaya and Assam, once a small-scale practice, expanded dangerously in the 1980s due to industrial demand from West Bengal and Bangladesh. The region's terrain made mechanised extraction difficult, leading to a proliferation of rat-hole mines. This hazardous method involves digging narrow tunnels that are barely large enough for a person to crawl through, posing significant risks to miners. Rat-hole mining occurs in two forms: side-cutting, which follows coal seams along hill slopes, and box-cutting, where miners dig pits up to 400 feet deep and extract coal horizontally, forming a tunnel network. This technique, prevalent in the north-east, particularly Meghalaya and the borders of Assam, poses significant safety and environmental hazards.
5.
Emergency provisions, inspired by the German Constitution and outlined in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution, protect India's sovereignty, unity and security. They empower the Central government to address extraordinary crises by temporarily assuming control to ensure stability and safeguard the democratic framework. In Manipur, the President has proclaimed a "state emergency" popularly known as "President's Rule" or "Constitutional Emergency" – by exercising powers under Article 356. This fulfils the Union's obligation under Article 355 to protect States against 'external aggression' and 'internal disturbance' (such as separatist or sectarian violence or calamities beyond a State's control) and to ensure that State governments operate as per the Constitution. Though Dr. B.R. Ambedkar hoped it would remain a "dead letter," President's rule has been imposed nearly 134 times across 29 States and UTs since the Constitution took effect in 1950, reflecting its dual role as both a crisis-management tool and a politically contentious measure. For a long time, courts upheld the Centre's frequent unusual imposition of President's rule. However, the landmark S.R. Bommai versus Union of India (1994) judgment redefined these powers.
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